BASIC SYNTAX | C Programming Tutorial pdf

Basic Syntax

You have seen a basic structure of C program, so it will be easy to understand other basic building blocks of the C programming language.

Tokens in C

A C program consists of various tokens and a token is either a keyword, an identifier, a constant, a string literal, or a symbol. For example, the following C statement consists of five tokens:
printf("Hello, World! \n");
The individual tokens are:
printf
( "
Hello, World! \
n"
);

Semicolons ;

In C program, the semicolon is a statement terminator. That is, each individual statement must be ended with a semicolon. It indicates the end of one logical entity.
For example, following are two different statements:
printf("Hello, World! \n");
return 0;

Comments

Comments are like helping text in your C program and they are ignored by the compiler. They start with /* and terminates with the characters */ as shown below:
/* my first program in C */
You can not have comments with in comments and they do not occur within a string or character literals.

Identifiers

A C identifier is a name used to identify a variable, function, or any other user-defined item. An identifier starts with a letter A to Z or a to z or an underscore _ followed by zero or more letters, underscores, and digits (0 to 9).
C does not allow punctuation characters such as @, $, and % within identifiers. C is a case sensitive programming language. Thus Manpower and manpower are two different identifiers in C. 

Here are some examples of acceptable identifiers:
mohd                 zara          abc       move_name        a_123
myname50        _temp         j              a23b9             retVal

Keywords

The following list shows the reserved words in C. These reserved words may not be used as constant or variable or any other identifier names.

Whitespace in C

A line containing only whitespace, possibly with a comment, is known as a blank line, and a C compiler totally ignores it.
Whitespace is the term used in C to describe blanks, tabs, newline characters and comments. Whitespace separates one part of a statement from another and enables the compiler to identify where one element in a statement, such as int, ends and the next element begins. Therefore, in the following statement:
int age;
There must be at least one whitespace character (usually a space) between int and age for the compiler to be able to distinguish them. On the other hand, in the following statement
fruit = apples + oranges; // get the total fruit
No whitespace characters are necessary between fruit and =, or between = and apples, although you are free to include some if you wish for readability purpose.