How is rounding performed under integer division? | Core Java

The fractional part of the result is truncated. This is known as rounding toward zero.

Is the ternary operator written x : y ? z or x ? y : z ? | Core Java

It is written x ? y : z.

Which characters may be used as the second character of an identifier,but not as the first character of an identifier? | Core Java

The digits 0 through 9 may not be used as the first character of an identifier but they may be used after the first character of an identifier.

Is null a keyword? | Core Java

The null value is not a keyword.

What does it mean that a method or field is "static"? | Core Java

Static variables and methods are instantiated only once per class. In other words they are class variables, not instance variables. If you change the value of a static variable in a particular object, the value of that variable changes for all instances of that class. Static methods can be referenced with the name of the class rather than the name of a particular object of the class (though that works too). That's how library methods like System.out.println() work. out is a static field in the java.lang.System class.

Why isn't there operator overloading? | Core Java

Because C++ has proven by example that operator overloading makes code almost impossible to maintain.

What is the range of the short type? | Core Java

The range of the short type is -(2^15) to 2^15 - 1.